In Bomb-Scarred Cities, Risking Life and Limb to Get Civilians to Safety 撤離戰火下的烏克蘭城市 傷亡風險高

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2025/02/28 第526期 訂閱/退訂∣看歷史報份

紐時周報精選 In Bomb-Scarred Cities, Risking Life and Limb to Get Civilians to Safety 撤離戰火下的烏克蘭城市 傷亡風險高 U.S. Emissions Push Stalled in

In Bomb-Scarred Cities, Risking Life and Limb to Get Civilians to Safety 撤離戰火下的烏克蘭城市 傷亡風險高 文/Tyler Hicks and Gaëlle 譯/周辰陽 撤離戰火下的烏克蘭城市 傷亡風險高 Vasyl Pipa is not a Ukrainian soldier, but his job can be as dangerous as fighting in the trenches. As members of the White Angels, a branch of the police that evacuates civilians from the front line, he and others take extreme risks to rescue some of the last civilians who remain close to the fighting. 皮帕不是烏克蘭軍人，但他的工作可能與在壕溝中戰鬥一樣危險。身為從前線疏散平民的警察部門「白天使」成員，他與其他人承擔極端風險，救助最後一些仍接近戰火的平民。 Traveling to the Kurakhove region is like flooring it through a thicket of life-threatening risks: Jets, drones and artillery can annihilate an armored vehicle. Today, Russians control the city center, where fighting continues among the last few streets before the Kurakhove Power Station. 前往庫拉霍韋地區，就像是猛踩油門穿越一連串致命風險：噴射機、無人機和大砲可以殲滅一輛裝甲車。如今，俄羅斯人控制市中心，在庫拉霍韋發電廠前的最後幾條街戰鬥還在繼續。 As the deadly Russian march forward intensifies, most Ukrainians are running for their lives. Most of those left behind are elderly, disabled and poor, with no means of relocating. 隨著致命的俄羅斯進軍變得更激烈，大多數烏克蘭人都在逃命。留下的人大多是上了年紀、身障和窮困，無力搬遷。 In Kurakhove, a small city in the southern reach of the Donetsk region, only about 800 residents, including children, remain from a prewar population of 18,220. They live in apartment building basements without electricity, running water or heating. Every day, the city is subjected to artillery fire, mortars and drone attacks. 庫拉霍韋是頓內次克州南境一個小城市，戰前人口有18220，現僅留下約800名居民，包括兒童。他們住在公寓大樓的地下室，沒有電力、自來水或暖氣。每天，這座城市承受砲火、迫擊砲和無人機攻擊。 With people stranded and no supplies, Pipa and his colleagues delivered food and supplies to the last open shop. Nothing would reach here without their help, leaving people to survive only on scarce canned food. 由於人們被困又沒有物資，皮帕和同僚們把食物和物資送到最後一家開門的商店。沒有他們的幫助，什麼東西都無法到達這裡，人們只能靠稀缺的罐頭食品求生。 The fall of neighboring areas has brought Russian forces less than a mile away from Pokrovsk, turning it from a refuge for civilians into a ghost town. By November, the population had shrunk to about 11,400, from 60,000. 鄰近地區陷落，讓俄軍距離波克羅夫斯克不到一英里，這座城市從平民避難所變成一座鬼鎮。到了11月，人口已從60000人減少至約11400人。 Russian drones have been stalking the local population, said the head of Pokrovsk's military and civilian administration, Serhii Dobriak. 波克羅夫斯克軍民行政局首長多布里克表示，俄羅斯無人機一直跟蹤當地民眾。 "A family was going to Novotroitske — a father, mother and son," he said. "They saw that it was an ordinary civilian car, a Lada. But the drone hit them on purpose. It killed the son. The mother's arm was torn off." 他說，「一家人本打算去新特羅伊茨凱，父親、母親和兒子。他們看到這是一輛普通的民用車，一輛拉達。但無人機襲擊他們，殺死了兒子，母親手臂被扯掉」。 Viktor Shotropa, 36, of Global Empowerment Mission, a disaster relief group, tries to ensure that aid reaches the people along the front line. Two 20-ton trucks from his agency containing about 1,500 food parcels are delivered daily to the Donetsk region. 36歲的蕭特羅帕是救災團體「全球賦權使命」成員，試圖確保援助送達前線的人們。他的機構派出2輛20噸卡車，每天裝著約1500個食品包裹運到頓內次克州。 "In Pokrovsk, the situation is just beginning," he said. "We should prepare for the worst." 他說，「在波克羅夫斯克，情況才剛開始，我們應該為最壞狀況做準備」。 U.S. Emissions Push Stalled in 文/Brad Plumer 譯/羅方妤 能源需求激增 美國去年減排陷停滯 America's efforts to cut its climate change pollution stalled in 2024, with greenhouse gas emissions dropping just a fraction, 0.2%, compared with the year before, according to estimates published Thursday by the Rhodium Group, a research firm. 研究機構榮鼎集團周四發表的估計值顯示，2024年美國削減氣候變遷汙染成效陷入停滯，溫室氣體排放量和前一年相比僅下降0.2%。 Despite continued rapid growth in solar and wind power, emissions levels stayed relatively flat last year because demand for electricity surged, which led to a spike in the amount of natural gas burned by power plants. 儘管太陽能和風力發電持續快速增加，但由於電力需求激增，導致發電廠燃燒的天然氣量暴增，使去年排放量相對持平。 The fact that emissions didn't decline much means the United States is even further off-track from hitting President Joe Biden's goal of slashing greenhouse gases 50% below 2005 levels by 2030. Scientists say all major economies would have to cut their emissions deeply this decade to keep global warming at relatively low levels. 排放量並未大幅下降的事實，意味美國距離達成拜登總統提出的目標更加遙遠，該目標是2030年之前讓溫室氣體排放量比2005年水平下降50%。科學家說，所有主要經濟體必須在這個10年大幅減少排放量，才能讓全球暖化維持在相對較低水平。 Since 2005, United States emissions have fallen roughly 20%, while the economy has expanded. But to meet its climate goals, U.S. emissions would need to decline nearly 10 times as fast each year as they've fallen over the past decade. That seems increasingly unlikely, experts say, especially since President-elect Donald Trump has promised to dismantle Biden's climate policies and promote the production of fossil fuels. 自2005年以來，美國排放量已減少約20%，同時經濟有所擴張。但為了達成其氣候目標，美國每年減少排放量的速度必須是過去10年減少速度的近10倍。專家說，這似乎愈來愈不可能實現，特別是美國候任總統川普承諾廢除拜登的氣候政策並鼓勵化石燃料生產。 "On the one hand, it is notable that we've now seen two years in a row where the U.S. economy grew but emissions went down," said Ben King, an associate director at the Rhodium Group. "But it's far from enough to achieve our climate targets." 榮鼎集團副總監金恩表示：「另值得注意的是，我們已連續兩年見到美國經濟成長而排放量下降。但這遠不足達成我們的氣候目標。」 The biggest reason that U.S. emissions have fallen in recent years is that electric utilities have been retiring their older, dirtier coal-fired power plants and replacing them with cheaper and less-polluting natural gas, wind and solar power. 美國近年排放量下降的最大原因是，電力公司一直在汰換較老舊、汙染較多的燃煤發電廠，換成較便宜、汙染較少的天然氣、風力和太陽能發電。 The nation's demand for electricity, which has stayed more or less flat for two decades, suddenly jumped by roughly 3% in 2024, in large part because scorching heat during the summer caused many Americans to crank up their air conditioners. A smaller factor was that tech companies have been building more energy-hungry data centers in states like Virginia and Texas. 美國的電力需求20年來幾乎持平，卻在2024年突然暴漲3%。這多半是因為夏季期間酷熱，導致許多美國人增加空調使用。另一個較小的因素是科技公司在維吉尼亞州和德州等地興建更多耗能的數據中心。 While power companies installed large numbers of wind turbines, solar panels and batteries last year to meet rising demand, natural gas use also rose to record highs, while coal use declined only slightly. The net result was that emissions from the power sector increased an estimated 0.2%, according to the Rhodium Group. 儘管電力公司去年安裝大量風力渦輪機、太陽能板和電池，以滿足需求增加，但天然氣用量也增至創紀錄新高，而煤的用量僅略為減少。榮鼎集團指出，最終結果是電力產業的排放量增加約0.2%。

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