2026年2月19日 星期四

Giving ‘Screenagers’ Tools to See Through Online Misinformation 「螢幕世代」學習如何識別網路假訊息


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2026/02/20 第577期 訂閱/退訂看歷史報份
 
 
紐時周報精選 Giving 'Screenagers' Tools to See Through Online Misinformation 「螢幕世代」學習如何識別網路假訊息
As Zelensky Reshuffles, Reawakening of Politics In Ukraine Brings Caution. 烏政壇再掀波 澤倫斯基如履薄冰
紐時周報精選
 
Giving 'Screenagers' Tools to See Through Online Misinformation 「螢幕世代」學習如何識別網路假訊息
文/Tiffany Hsu
譯/羅方妤

「螢幕世代」學習如何識別網路假訊息

Most teenagers know that baseless conspiracy theories, partisan propaganda and artificially generated deepfakes lurk on social media. Valerie Ziegler's students know how to spot them.

多數青少年都知道,毫無根據的陰謀論、帶有黨派立場的宣傳,以及人工生成的深偽影像,潛藏在社群媒體之中。但瓦萊麗.齊格勒的學生,不只知道它們存在,還懂得如何辨識。

At Abraham Lincoln High School in San Francisco, she trains her government, economy and history students to consult a variety of sources, recognize rage-baiting content and consider influencers' motivations. They brainstorm ways to distinguish deepfakes from real footage.

在舊金山林肯高中,她訓練自己政府、經濟和歷史課堂的學生查閱多元資料來源、識別引戰內容並思考網紅意圖。他們集思廣益,探討如何分辨深偽和真實影像。

Ziegler, 50, is part of a vanguard of California educators racing to prepare students in a rapidly changing online world. Content moderation policies have withered at many social media platforms, making it easier to lie and harder to trust. Artificial intelligence is evolving so quickly, and generating such persuasive content, that even professionals who specialize in detecting its presence are being stumped.

50歲的齊格勒屬於加州一批走在最前線的教育工作者,他們正協助學生面對快速變遷的網路世界。許多社群平台的內容審查逐漸鬆動,造假更容易、信任更困難;人工智慧演進之快、內容之逼真,即使專門偵測這類內容的專業人士也束手無策。

California is ahead of many other states in pushing schools to teach digital literacy, but even there, education officials are not expected to set specific standards until later in 2026. So Ziegler and a group of her peers are forging ahead, cobbling together lesson plans from nonprofit groups and updating older coursework to address new technologies, such as the artificial intelligence that powers video apps like Sora. Their methods are hands-on, including classroom exercises that fact-check posts about history on TikTok.

在推動學校教授數位素養方面,加州領先多數州,但即便如此,教育主管機關預計要到2026年稍晚,才會訂出明確標準。因此,齊格勒與一群志同道合的教師選擇自行先行,從非營利組織蒐集教材、更新既有課程內容,以回應新科技的挑戰,例如驅動Sora等影音應用的人工智慧。他們採取高度實作導向的教學方式,包括在課堂上實際查核TikTok上的歷史相關貼文。

The News Literacy Project, a media education nonprofit, surveyed 1,110 teenagers in May 2024 and found that 4 in 10 said they had any media literacy instruction in class that year. Eight in 10 said they had come across a conspiracy theory on social media — including false claims that the 2020 election was rigged — and many said they were inclined to believe at least one of the narratives.

媒體教育非營利組織「新聞素養計畫」在2024年5月調查了1110名青少年,結果顯示,僅有4成表示當年曾在課堂上接受過任何形式的媒體素養教育;而有8成受訪者表示,曾在社群媒體上看過陰謀論內容,包括宣稱2020年美國大選遭操弄的不實說法,且不少人坦言,至少相信其中一種說法。

Ziegler teaches the self-described "screenagers" that their social media feeds are populated using highly responsive algorithms, and that large followings do not make accounts trustworthy. In one case, students learned to distinguish between a reputable historians group on Instagram and a historical satire account with a similar name. Now, they default to double-checking information that interests them online.

齊格勒教導這些自稱為「螢幕世代」的學生理解,他們的社群動態是由高度即時回應的演算法所形塑,而追蹤人數多寡,並不等同於可信度。在一個案例中,學生學會分辨Instagram上一個具公信力的歷史學者社群,與一個名稱相近、但實為歷史諷刺帳號的差異。如今,他們上網搜尋有興趣的資訊時都會先核實。

"That's the starting point," said Xavier Malizia, 17.

17歲的馬利其亞稱:「這只是起點」。

 
As Zelensky Reshuffles, Reawakening of Politics In Ukraine Brings Caution. 烏政壇再掀波 澤倫斯基如履薄冰
文/Constant Méheut
譯/國際中心

烏政壇再掀波 澤倫斯基如履薄冰

For several weeks, with peace talks at a critical moment, Ukraine faced a power vacuum. It had no energy minister amid rolling blackouts caused by Russian strikes. No justice minister as a corruption scandal flared. And no presidential chief of staff to lead negotiations with the United States.

烏克蘭與俄羅斯戰爭進入關鍵時刻,和平談判正值緊要關頭,烏克蘭面臨權力真空已達數周。俄羅斯攻擊引發大規模停電,烏克蘭沒有能源部長;貪瀆醜聞爆發,司法部長缺席;也沒有總統辦公室主任領銜與美國談判。

Now, with a flurry of appointments, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy is moving to fill the void, in one of the most consequential reshuffles of the war.

現在,總統澤倫斯基一連串任命,填補這些空缺,這是戰爭中意義最重大的內閣改組之一。

The personnel changes are a sign that Zelenskyy, who used wartime unity to consolidate power, must now be more responsive as Ukrainian politics reawakens nearly four years into Russia's invasion. How he manages this transition period will hold huge consequences for the country as it fights on multiple fronts, from the battlefield to the negotiating table.

這些人事變動顯示,澤倫斯基過去利用戰時團結鞏固權力,如今在俄羅斯入侵近4年後,烏克蘭政壇重新活絡,他必須更靈活應對。因為烏克蘭同時在戰場與談判桌上作戰,澤倫斯基如何處理這個過渡期,對烏克蘭將產生巨大影響。

On Friday, Zelenskyy appointed a new chief of staff and said he would replace his defense minister. The next day, he proposed moving the defense minister to the energy ministry. More changes in the government and the military will follow, he said.

上周五,澤倫斯基任命新的總統辦公室主任,並表示將更換國防部長;隔天,他提名國防部長轉任能源部長,並預告政府與軍方還會有更多人事變動。

The appointment Friday of Kyrylo Budanov, the head of Ukraine's military intelligence agency, as Zelenskyy's new chief of staff left many Ukrainians to try to read the political tea leaves.

澤倫斯基任命軍情局長布達諾夫為總統辦公室主任,許多烏克蘭人試圖解讀其中蘊含的政治訊號。

A highly popular figure, lionized for his daring covert operations in the conflict with Russia, Budanov had long been viewed as a potential rival to Zelenskyy in future presidential elections. His new appointment might have been to improve Kyiv's stance in the peace talks with Washington. Budanov, who was trained in a CIA-backed program, has a strong relationship with the United States.

布達諾夫因對俄國接連發動大膽的祕密行動而廣孚眾望,曾被視為澤倫斯基未來選戰對手,此任命或許有助於改善基輔在與華府和平談判中的立場。布達諾夫曾接受CIA培訓,與美國關係密切。

Zelenskyy has also asked Mykhailo Fedorov, a vice prime minister and minister of digital transformation, to become defense minister. Fedorov is one of Zelenskyy's most trusted lieutenants. On Saturday, Zelenskyy proposed that Denys Shmyhal, the current defense minister and a former prime minister, become the energy minister.

澤倫斯基找副總理暨數位轉型部長費多羅夫接任國防部長,他是澤倫斯基最信任的心腹之一。翌日,澤倫斯基提名現任國防部長暨前總理史米哈爾轉任能源部長。

The government vacancies stem from the sweeping scandal revealed in November by Ukraine's anti-corruption agencies, which found that several officials had siphoned around $100 million in a kickback scheme through the state-owned nuclear power company. Lawmakers called for Zelenskyy to clean house.

烏克蘭肅貪機構去年11月揭發重大貪腐醜聞,導致多個要職出缺,多名官員透過國營核電公司從中抽成約1億美元回扣,議員呼籲澤倫斯基清理門戶。

Ukraine has not held presidential and parliamentary elections since 2019, when Zelenskyy took office. Martial law, imposed after Russia invaded in early 2022, bans elections during the war. If peace is reached, Ukraine is expected to lift martial law and hold elections quickly.

烏克蘭自2019年澤倫斯基上任後迄今未改選總統與國會議員,因為2022年初俄羅斯入侵後實施戒嚴,戰時禁止選舉,若達成和平協議,預計將解嚴並盡速舉行大選。

 
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