2025年12月11日 星期四

Gen Z Wants to Build Credit. It Has Few Options. Z世代想建立信用 但選項有限


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2025/12/12 第567期 訂閱/退訂看歷史報份
 
 
紐時周報精選 Gen Z Wants to Build Credit. It Has Few Options. Z世代想建立信用 但選項有限
Putin's Troops Fight in Streets Of a Bulwark City in Ukraine 俄軍攻進重鎮 烏克蘭巷戰死守
紐時周報精選
 
Gen Z Wants to Build Credit. It Has Few Options. Z世代想建立信用 但選項有限
文/Kailyn Rhone
譯/羅方妤

Z世代想建立信用 但選項有限

When Danny Benson started applying for apartments after graduating from Syracuse University in May, he assumed the hardest part would be finding the right location. He didn't expect to be rejected before he got an opportunity to submit an application.

班森今年5月從雪城大學畢業後開始申請公寓時,他原以為最困難的部分是找到合適的地點。他沒想到的是,連申請機會都還沒來,就先被拒絕。

Since Benson, 22, didn't have a credit card during college, he had no credit history. He tried to fix that with a Discover card in June. But the only option the bank gave him was a secured card, which requires a minimum security deposit of $200.

因為22歲的班森上大學期間沒有信用卡,所以他沒有信用記錄。他6月試圖以一張Discover卡彌補這個問題。但銀行給他的唯一選擇是擔保卡,需要繳納最低200美元的押金。

Benson said the deposit requirement established "a dynamic of distrust" and decided not to apply for the secured card. He moved back home with his parents.

班森表示,這種押金要求營造出一種「不信任的氛圍」,並決定不申請這張擔保卡。他搬回家和父母同住。

Gen Zers are often in their early to late 20s, prime years for establishing credit. But pandemic-era spending, student loan delinquencies and inflation have left many young Americans vulnerable to long-term financial strain. As a result, Gen Z borrowers have seen the steepest decline in credit scores of any age group this year. Their average FICO score fell to 676, well below the national average of 715, according to the inaugural FICO Score Credit Insights Report.

Z世代通常處於20出頭到20多歲後期,正是建立信用的黃金時期。但疫情期間的消費行為、學生貸款違約以及通膨,使許多年輕美國人容易陷入長期的財務壓力。因此,Z世代借款人的信用評分在今年所有年齡層中下跌幅度最大。根據首份FICO信用分數洞察報告,他們的平均 FICO分數降至676,遠低於全美平均的715分。(譯註:FICO不只評分,並深入解析信用行為與風險因素。)

Gen Z has had fewer opportunities than older generations to build credit early on. Before the Credit CARD Act of 2009 was enacted, credit card companies targeted students on college campuses, providing them with easy access to credit. Many young adults also now rely on debit cards or "buy now, pay later" loans for daily expenses, neither of which contributes to credit building.

與上一代相比,Z世代早期建立信用的機會較少。 2009年《信用卡法案》實施前,信用卡公司會鎖定大學校園的學生,讓他們輕鬆取得信用卡。許多年輕人如今也依賴金融卡或「先買後付」的貸款來支付日常開銷,但這些方式都無助於建立信用。

"With fewer traditional ways to build credit, like homeownership, Gen Z is finding it harder to establish and maintain a strong credit profile," said Allie Danziger, senior vice president of AscentUP, a professional development and career readiness platform.

專業發展和職涯準備平台AscentUP資深副總裁丹齊格表示:「由於建立信用的傳統方式減少,如擁有住房,Z世代發現建立和維持良好信用紀錄變得更困難。」

Capital One and Bank of America offer secured and entry-level options. Yet beginner cards are becoming increasingly restrictive and often come with high interest rates, minimal rewards and confusing terms, said Carlo Kobe, CEO of Fizz, a digital fintech helping college students build credit.

第一資本和美國銀行提供擔保卡和入門級信用卡選項。但協助大學生建立信用的數位金融科技公司Fizz執行長寇比表示,入門級信用卡的限制日益嚴格,且通常利率高、回饋少、條款複雜。

 
Putin's Troops Fight in Streets Of a Bulwark City in Ukraine 俄軍攻進重鎮 烏克蘭巷戰死守
文/Constant Méheut and Olh
譯/國際中心

俄軍攻進重鎮 烏克蘭巷戰死守

Street battles are raging in the Ukrainian stronghold of Pokrovsk, where Russian soldiers have entered the city after a nearly yearlong assault. The breakthrough underscores the painstaking pace of Moscow's military advances, but if Russia eventually takes full control of Pokrovsk it would gain a strategically important bridgehead in eastern Ukraine.

俄軍在歷經近一年的猛攻後已進入烏克蘭重鎮波克洛夫斯克市區,兩軍爆發激烈巷戰。這次突破彰顯莫斯科軍事推進步調之艱鉅,但若俄軍最終完全掌控該城,將可在烏克蘭東部取得具戰略意義的橋頭堡。

President Volodymyr Zelenskyy of Ukraine told reporters that about 200 Russian troops had infiltrated the city, but Ukrainian soldiers fighting there said this was a conservative estimate. The Russian units are holding positions in the south of the city and pushing north, according to online battlefield maps compiled by independent groups and based on combat footage.

烏克蘭總統澤倫斯基表示,約有200名俄軍滲入市區,但當地烏軍士兵認為這只是保守估計。根據獨立團體依據戰場影像整理的線上地圖顯示,俄軍部隊目前控制該市南部陣地,並正向北推進。

"The situation is very difficult because a significant part of the city has already been infiltrated by the occupiers," said Denys, a Ukrainian drone operator who gave only his first name according to military protocol.

一名依軍方規定僅透露名字的烏克蘭無人機操作員丹尼斯說:「情勢非常艱困,因為城市相當大一部分已被侵略者滲透。」

"They're still building up their presence, more and more, trying to completely saturate the city with their forces," he said. "When they encounter our positions, they engage in firefights."

他補充說:「他們仍持續增兵,試圖以部隊全面占據整座城市。一旦與我們接觸,就爆發交火。」

Ukrainian soldiers say there is now active street fighting in Pokrovsk. Battlefield maps from DeepState, a group with ties to the Ukrainian military, show large portions of the city in a gray zone, indicating areas where control is being contested.

烏軍士兵指出,波克洛夫斯克目前正發生激烈巷戰。與烏軍關係密切的「深層政府」網站所公布的戰場地圖顯示,城市大部分區域呈現灰色地帶,代表雙方正爭奪控制權。

Pokrovsk, which had a prewar population of about 60,000, is on a critical road linking several cities that form the last major defensive arc protecting the portion of the Donetsk region that Ukraine still controls. If the city falls, it would bring Russia closer to achieving its longtime goal of seizing the entire region.

戰前人口約6萬人的波克洛夫斯克,位於連接多座城市的重要道路上,這些城市形成保衛烏克蘭仍掌控的頓內次克地區最後一道主要防線。若該城陷落,將使俄羅斯更接近奪取整個頓內次克地區的長期目標。

President Vladimir Putin of Russia has said Russia would agree to stop fighting only if Ukraine ceded Donetsk. The Kremlin would likely use a capture of Pokrovsk to argue to the Trump administration that its military advances are inexorable and that Ukraine should settle for a peace deal, even if it means ceding land.

俄羅斯總統普亭表示,只有在烏克蘭讓出頓內次克的情況下,俄方才同意停戰。克里姆林宮很可能利用奪下波克羅夫斯克之舉,向川普政府主張俄軍攻勢勢不可擋,烏克蘭應接受和平協議,即使這意味著割讓領土。

The Ukrainian military is increasingly concerned that Russian troops are now moving to encircle its forces just east of Pokrovsk. DeepState's maps show Russian forces moving in two pincer movements from the city center and villages to the northeast. Only a few miles separate the military advances, forcing Ukrainian reinforcements in the area to move through a narrow corridor under constant fire.

烏軍愈來愈擔心,俄軍正企圖包圍波克洛夫斯克以東的守軍。「深層政府」的地圖顯示,俄軍正從市中心與東北方村莊展開雙面夾擊。兩側攻勢僅相隔數英里,使烏軍增援部隊被迫在遭受持續砲火的狹窄走廊中穿行。

 
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